▶ Seoul Metropolitan Government(SMG) has adopted a systematlc anti-corruption approach, simultaneously pursuing four major lines of action : preventive measures, punitive measures, increased transparency in administration, and enhanced public-prlvate partnership

▶ SMG is actively promoting deregulation in all areas of administration. Excessive municipal regulations have been either abolished or eased. As an old saying goes, "stagnant water breeds disease." A .public official assigned to one place for too long may develop a patron-customer relationship in his or her jurisdiction

▶ To eliminate potential collusion, we abolished the long-standing practice of assigning jurisdiction over a specific area to one individual in the fields of permits, approvals, and inspections. Officials are now assigned on a daily basis to handle applications submitted from different areas. Also, a personnel reshuffle on a massive scale was carried out across 25 district offices.

▶ In baseball, a batter is called out after three strikes. In Seoul, city officials are punished for every single wrongdoing. To ensure the principle of zero tolerance for corruption, we have introduced a direct reporting system to the mayor. Once every month, return postcards are sent to those who have business with the city government In fields prone to corruption. They are asked to mail the cards directly back to the mayor with any information of wrongdoing. The mayor personally reads all the postcards and make sure that each and every wrongdoer is properly punished.

▶ Sunshine is the best disinfectant. Seoul city has developed an Internet online system(OPEN) that makes completely open and transpareut those administrative practices vulnerable to corruption. Along with OPEN, we introduced the Anti-Corruption Index(ACI). In 1999, we evaluated the level of integrity of each administrative unit and made the result public. Seoul's ACI was calculated on the basis of opinion polls of those who actually submitted civil applications. The ACI serves as an incentive to encourage sound competition among the organizations of Seoul Metropolitan Government.

▶ We have introduced an'Integrity Pact', which aimed at preventing corruption and any irregularities in the area of public procurement The no-bribery commitment pact is an agreement between public officials in charge of the procurement and bidders for construction works or providers of goods and services. By signing this Pact, the signatories agree that they shall be under punishment or sanctions when they breach the promise.